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Vampire hunter
A vampire hunter or vampire slayer is a character in folklore and fiction who specializes in finding and destroying vampires, and sometimes other supernatural creatures. A vampire hunter is usually described as having extensive knowledge of vampires and other monstrous creatures, including their powers and weaknesses, and uses this knowledge to effectively combat them. In many works, vampire hunters are simply humans with more than average knowledge about the occult, while in others they are themselves supernatural beings, having superhuman abilities. A well known and influential vampire hunter is Professor Abraham Van Helsing, a character in Bram Stoker's 1897 horror novel, ''Dracula''.
==Vampire hunters in folklore==
"Professional" or semi-professional vampire hunters played some part in the vampire beliefs of the Balkans (especially in Bulgarian, Serbian, and Romani folk beliefs). In Bulgarian, the terms used to designate them included ''glog'' (lit. "hawthorn", the species of wood used for the stake), ''vampirdzhiya'', ''vampirar'', ''dzhadazhiya'', ''svetocher''.
They were usually either born on Saturday (then called Sabbatarians,〔. Cited in 〕 Bulgarian ''sâbotnichav'',〔Димитрова, Иваничка. 1983. Българска народна митология. (Online article (Bulgarian) )〕 Greek ''sabbatianoí''〔) or the offspring of a vampire and a woman (typically his widow), called a ''dhampir'' in Romani or a ''vampirović'' in Serbian. It was also believed that someone born on a Saturday could see a vampire when it was otherwise invisible〔〔 (and sometimes other supernatural entities as well); similarly for the ''dhampir''. In the case of the Sabbatarians, it was believed in some places that they needed to be fed meat from a sheep killed by a wolf (Bulgarian ''vâlkoedene''); this would enable them not to fear the things that only they were able to see. In Croatian and Slovenian legends, the villages had their own vampire hunters that were called kresniks, whose spirits were able to turn into animals at night to fight off the vampire or ''kudlak''.
〔〔Маринов, Димитър. 1994 (first edition 1914) Народна вяра и религиозни обичаи. (Online excerpt (Bulgarian) )〕〔Петровић, Сретен. 2000. Основи демонологије. In: Систем српске митологије. Просвета, Ниш 2000. (Online (Serbian) )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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